Optics in Nomenclature

The use of descriptions of eye structure and optics may be of help in constructing decapod phylogenies as long as attention is paid to the restrictions alluded to above. If the stratigraphic ranges of the extant decapod crustaceans (excluding those with reduced or absent eyes) is combined with the known optical types, a number of patterns are apparent (Fig. 2). The extant Penaeidea, Caridea, Palinura and Astacidea all possess reflecting superposition eyes. These groups (with the possible exception of the Penaeidea) probably arose from an explosive radiation in the Devonian and Carboniferous (Hessler, 1983) from an ancestor that may have possessed reflecting superposition eyes. Although reflecting optics could have evolved independently in each of these taxa, there is no evidence to suggest that this was the case. If it is assumed that this state was common to all of the early Decapoda, it is only necessary to suggest that these unusual optics evolved once from the apposition eyes of the ancestral eumalacostracan. Accurate descriptions of the facet patterns in fossil decapod eyes may well provide an answer to this question.

"Their eyes cast down, going forth from their graves as if they were scattered locusts" From the Proof called The Moon

The eye (Harun Yahye here), the subject of this book, is one of those organs of the body that have kept evolutionists on the ropes ever since Darwin, who himself confessed, "I remember well the time when the thought of the eye made me cold all over."1 A close examination of the eye's structure and functions will make it clear why evolutionists have felt compelled to avoid it. The eye's complex structure has several distinct components and systems. An amazing scope of distinctly different functions are realized individually, but only as a result of harmonious cooperation between all of these components and systems. If even one of them is missing or fails to cooperate, the eye can't perceive images. This is a Catch 22 for the evolutionists, who hold that all body parts have emerged gradually by themselves. That the eye can only function as a whole only when all its every system and component are present and intact rules out any such gradual formation.